Different articles on gender studies in tourism were retrieved using Scopus, one of the most popular databases. The research articles are considered between 2003 and 2022. Scopus analyzer is used to get analysis results such as documents by year, source, country, etc. VOSviewer Version 1.6.17 is used to analyse different units such as co-authorship, co-occurrences, citation analysis, etc. Statistical analysis and network analysis show the maximum number of articles published in 2020 and 2022, with the United States contributing the most significant number of documents. The results also show that the number of publications was minimal in the first ten years, and the growth was uneven. Still, in the following ten years, the number of published articles gradually increased, especially in 2019, when the number of publications increased significantly. Researchers from the USA, UK and Australia publish nearly 40% of all articles worldwide, ahead of 48 other countries and territories. At the same time, the top three most productive universities from each of the top 10 countries belong to the three countries mentioned above. Gender research in tourism has been studied at the initiative of scientists from democratically developed English-speaking countries and some Western countries, and it can be said that mass interest has only been awakened since the IV World Women's Conference held in 2019. Network analysis of different parameters indicates that there is a lot of scope to contribute to further research in terms of Women's Status, Empowerment and Sustainability.

This article addresses the critical need for effective public-private partnership (further - PPP) models amidst economic, social, and political challenges in Kazakhstan. The results of the study are aimed at improving the identification of risks for making informed decisions. It delves into scientific achievements relevant to assessing business activity and nurturing entrepreneurial culture. Employing comparative analysis, the research examines domestic PPP practices, drawing insights from statistical data. The findings emphasize PPP's role in ensuring national economic competitiveness, with legislative improvements positively impacting growth. The analysis of foreign practices critically examines the evolution of public-private partnership (PPP) development in Kazakhstan by juxtaposing it with the experiences of leading nations. The United Kingdom has demonstrated successful partnership models based on transparency, clear terms, and mutually beneficial relationships, serving as an example for Kazakhstan in enhancing collaboration between the public and private sectors. The SWOT analysis identifies inefficiencies, stressing the importance of transparent project teams and systematic risk management. Sectoral insights highlight a decline in private sector involvement, emphasizing the need for regulatory improvements and risk reduction in PPP implementations. The study emphasizes PPP's indispensable role in Kazakhstan's socio-economic development, advocating for continuous reforms and advanced risk management. The proposed PPP project management algorithm aims to foster efficiency, address challenges, and stimulate economic activity, paving the way for sustainable infrastructure development.

The aim of this study is to explore the effects of sanctions on the international trade of Kazakhstan using data from TradeMap database. The Russia-Ukraine conflict has brought instability to the broader Eurasian continent and significantly affected neighboring states. Kazakhstan and Russia share the second-longest international land border and both participate in the Eurasian Economic Union with a high level of economic integration. Given Kazakhstan's landlocked status, the country relies on Russian territory for its main export routes. Despite expectations of potential issues with oil and gas transportation for Kazakhstan due to sanctions on Russia, there was an increase in mineral exports from Kazakhstan in 2022, resulting in a positive trade balance. High energy prices and inflation in the EU at the start of the invasion led to the delay of oil and gas import bans by the bloc until late 2022. There is also evidence of sanction evasion by Kazakhstani companies, reflected in changes in the structure of exports to Russia. This has prompted visits by officials from sanctioning countries and increased monitoring. Overall, the conflict and subsequent comprehensive sanctions have created uncertainty for investors and require scenario-based long-term planning and additional compliance costs. It is recommended to improve awareness of local companies about the possibility of violating sanctions through corporate training and cooperation with business associations. This will help local businesses to prevent the risk of being subjected to secondary sanctions.

This study investigates the relationship between innovation and the agro-industrial complex's (AIC) development in Kazakhstan. In the context of global shifts in technology, labor, and capital markets, the research examines the role of innovation in enhancing the AIC's competitiveness. The primary focus is on the dynamics of innovation in agriculture, particularly how it influences factors like human capital, innovation activity levels, and the role of science and scientists. The research employs a two-stage methodology involving descriptive analysis and hypothesis testing, using SMART-PLS software for data-driven analysis. Key indicators considered include employment in agriculture, innovation activity, and agricultural credit loans. The period from 2013 to 2019 is analyzed, testing hypotheses about the impact of agricultural credit loans on innovation, the influence of innovation on agriculture's share in GDP, and its effect on the number of farms. The results highlight the significant role of innovation and financial support in advancing Kazakhstan's agricultural sector. Agriculture Credit Loans and the increase in the Number of Farms substantially boost innovation in the AIC contributing to its growth and greater GDP share. While the Share of Agriculture in GDP also positively impacts innovation, its effect is less pronounced. The research underscores the necessity of collaboration between agricultural enterprises and research institutions and the vital role of financial support in driving sustainable growth and development.

Businesses are still learning how to cope with system stress that overwhelmed the whole world during the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) in 2007-2008, COVID-19 pandemics in 2020, and other crises. Thereby, enterprises will be able not only to deal with uncertainty, that is becoming a “new standard”, but to benefit from it. As a result, the focus of the leaders has shifted from short-term, operational continuity to resilience. Earlier research suggested organizational ambidexterity as one of its antecedents and key factors for firms’ long-term survival and prosperity. However, little is known about the leadership role in ambidexterity literature. Most of the previous research were conducted in developed countries and placed emphasis on conceptual studies.  Thus, the main purpose of this study is to statistically examine the moderating effect of transformational leadership in the relationship between organizational ambidexterity and resilience using a sample of 323 usable questionnaires gathered from more than 80 Kazakhstani firms. The results of regression analysis statistically confirmed that organizational ambidexterity positively and significantly correlated with resilience. Further, results revealed the moderating role of transformational leadership in the linkage above. The study came up with an unexpected finding that transformational leadership directly and significantly influences resilience. The primary practical implication of this study is that leaders realize the feasibility of their investments in developing ambidextrous capabilities in their organizations and, particularly, senior management, since it was statistically proven in this research that it leads to higher resilience. 

The purpose of the article is to evaluate the effectiveness of the "green" growth policy pursued at the regional level. An analysis of various approaches to assessing the sustainability of the socio-economic development of the region is presented. To achieve this purpose, a comprehensive methodology was used, considering territorial factors and sectoral conditions for the development of the regions. Domestic and foreign experience in assessing the sustainability and effectiveness of the territory development were analyzed. Existing methods for assessing the region stability are studied. An integral indicator of sustainable development of the region is calculated, which includes indicators of economic, environmental, and social sustainability. The typology of Kazakhstan regions has been carried out according to the level of their environmental and economic development for the purposes of developing an effective environmental and innovation policy. It has been proved that the list of socio-economic indicators used in the calculation of the integral index makes it possible to determine with a sufficient degree of certainty the effectiveness of the ongoing regional development policy from the standpoint of observing the principles of "green" growth. It has been revealed that the modern model of socio-economic development of the country and its regions requires further efforts to develop adequate indicators of "green" development that consider economic, social and environmental components in a balanced way. The empirical conclusions of the work can find practical application in the process of developing an effective environmental and economic regional policy.

Business sustainability is heavily constrained by the shortage of affordable finance of adequate duration and quality. This affects producers and traders' capacity to reorganize their production and exchange systems to attain dynamic competitiveness. Ensuring sufficient and cost-effective high-quality finance in the nation facilitates financial intermediation. The traditional method of channelling and allocating financial resources in an economy has predominantly been carried out by the banking sector. Notably, the level of intermediation had been largely lower than the expected especially during the Covid-19 era implicating as serious problem of disintermediation. This study analyses the impact of financial intermediation on capital formation in Zimbabwe using Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) model from the first quarter of 2011 to the fourth quarter of 2020. The study finds that the financial intermediation process in the country remains largely weak to enable gross fixed capital formation which facilitates business sustainability. Financial disintermediation by banks is also reducing business sustainability. Several initiatives are suggested to alleviate financial restrictions within the country. One significant proposal involves enhancing competition in the banking sector by further liberalizing it. This is aimed at reducing the cost of credit, fostering financial innovation, and promoting increased credit circulation. 

The purpose of this paper to investigate the factors that influence students' choice of major, by conducting a literature review and identifying research gaps. There was adopted a methodical approach PRISMA that included a systematic literature review based on the Scopus database. The results of this study indicate a noteworthy trend in the literature related to major choice within the Scopus Database. The number of papers on this topic has exhibited consistent growth since 2008, reaching a peak in 2021, albeit with an annual publication count not exceeding 12 articles. Prominent authors have primarily contributed to discussions surrounding major choice, with a focus on the medical and engineering fields, while engagement with business-related disciplines, such as marketing, management, remains limited. Notably, most retrieved documents were articles (85%), with a minority being reviews (15%), some of which did not directly align with the research question. The affiliations of these documents were predominantly associated with research centers and universities in the United States, underscoring a gap in contextualizing major choice within the Kazakhstani and broader Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) region. In summary, this study underscores a growing interest in major choice research since 2008, predominantly concentrated in specific disciplines and geographic regions, with notable disparities in representation among academic fields.  Key factors that play a pivotal role in shaping students' decisions regarding their majors were identified. This paper emphasizes the foundation for the empirical research related to customers in roles of students and stakeholders in higher education institutions based on CIS countries.

This research explores the profound impact of digitalization on the labor market and evaluates the role of online education in equipping individuals with the necessary skills for the digital economy. The study focuses on how technological advancements are reshaping job roles, the increasing vulnerability of certain occupations to automation, and the effectiveness of online educational platforms in addressing these emerging skill requirements. Utilizing a qualitative research methodology, the study involved a survey with 105 participants, encompassing various demographics and educational backgrounds. The questionnaire was designed to gather insights into users' experiences, preferences, and perceptions regarding online education, as well as to assess the competitive landscape of online educational platforms. The findings reveal a significant transformation in the labor market due to digitalization, characterized by a growing demand for highly skilled workers and a decrease in opportunities for less educated ones. Online education emerges as a crucial tool in bridging the skill gap, with a wide array of courses catering to the needs of a technology-driven economy. The study also highlights key factors influencing users' choice of online educational platforms, including the quality of course material, platform reputation, and course relevance. Furthermore, the research uncovers a diverse range of user preferences for different online platforms, indicating a trend towards a flexible and multifaceted approach to online learning. This study contributes to understanding the dynamics between digitalization, the labor market, and online education.