Gender Disparities in Kazakhstan’s Labor Market: Evidence from the Quality Employment
https://doi.org/10.47703/ejebs.v68i3.423
Abstract
Gender disparities in the labor market have remained a critical area of economic research, particularly in understanding how men and women experience different employment conditions. This study aims to assess the quality of employment for men and women, focusing on the multidimensional quality of jobs, including formal and informal employment, unemployment, and access to highly qualified professions. The research employs a standardized approach using Z-scores to analyze deviations from average labor market indicators across genders, enabling a comparative evaluation of employment trends over the past decade. Data were drawn from national labor force statistics, covering a wide range of indicators such as labor force participation, employment rates, unemployment, and sectoral distribution. The results of the study show significant gender differences. The average level of the involvement of women in the labor force during the study period was 64.96%, while for men this figure reached 76.38%. The employment rate among women was 4.5% lower on average compared to men, and for women in informal employment, it was 20.16% versus 20.76% for men. Women also showed a higher unemployment rate: 5.71% versus 4.36% for men. The study also highlights the impact of external economic shocks, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, on labor market dynamics, exacerbating gender disparities. Future research should focus on developing policies that reduce informal employment and increase job stability for women. Further study of the long-term effects of global economic crises on gender differences in the quality of employment is also necessary to develop effective measures.
Keywords
Gender,
Gender Inequality,
Gender Economy,
Economic Shocks,
Occupational Segregation,
Quality Employment,
Employment Trends
Supporting agencies: This research has been funded by the Science Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Grant “Strategic Directions of Women's Empowerment and Access to Quality Employment in Kazakhstan” No. AP22784063).
About the Authors
Laura Kuanova
al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan
PhD, Associate Professor, Email: laura_kuanova@mail.ru
Akbota Anessova
Eurasian Technological University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan
PhD candidate, Email: a_bota@mail.ru
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For citations:
Kuanova L., Anessova A. Gender Disparities in Kazakhstan’s Labor Market: Evidence from the Quality Employment. Eurasian Journal of Economic and Business Studies. 2024;68(3):95–110. https://doi.org/10.47703/ejebs.v68i3.423
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