Commuting, Transportation Flows and the Labor Market in Almaty
https://doi.org/10.47703/ejebs.v3i65.107
Abstract
Commuting nowadays is a worldwide trend. Due to the urban development, cities become larger creating agglomerations. It leads to broader human mobility. One of the other key thoughts about commuting is the positive impact of commuting flows on creating new workplaces (Russo et. al., 2011; Xiao et. al, 2021). First, vast commuting flows can make it easy to find appropriate candidates for job vacancies to be filled. Secondly, there is a demand for different goods and services in receiving areas created by commuters. Therefore, by means of local demand, new workplaces can be produced. The aim of the study is to analyze the relationship between commuting flows and the creation of new workplaces in Kazakhstan. Both qualitative and quantitative methods are used in the paper. Secondary research is used to provide and compare existing models of commuting impact on the workplaces. Data on the workplaces created in Kazakhstan is collected via the Bureau of National Statistics of the RK. Descriptive statistical methods serve as a visual representation of the collected data. Finally, inferential statistics are used to find the relations between the commuting flows and the creation of new workplaces in Kazakhstan. This study can contribute to existing studies on commuting, especially to studies on urban development in Almaty since commuting is closely related to the urban topic.
About the Authors
Kenzhekhan Kabdesov
KIMEP University, Almaty
Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan
PhD candidate, Department of Public Administration, Email: kenzhekhan.kabdesov@kimep.kz
Francis Amagoh
KIMEP University, Almaty
Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan
PhD, Professor, Department of Public Administration, Email: famagoh@kimep.kz
References
1. Aliaga, M., & Gunderson, B. (2002). Interactive statistics. Virginia. America: Pearson Education.
2. Beecham, R., Wood, J., & Bowerman, A. (2014). Studying commuting behaviors using collaborative visual analytics. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 47, 5–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2013.10.007
3. Bwire, H., & Zengo, E. (2020). Comparison of efficiency between public and private transport modes using excess commuting: An experience in Dar es Salaam. Journal of Transport Geography, 82, 102616. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102616
4. Carlino, G. A., & Kerr, W. R. (2015). Agglomeration and Innovation (Innovaatiot Ja Kasautuminen). SSRN Electronic Journal. Bank of Finland Research Discussion Paper, 27, 65. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2702694
5. Casado-Díaz, J.M. (2000). Local Labour Market Areas in Spain: A Case Study. Regional Studies, 34, 843 - 856. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343400020002976
6. Clark, W. A. V., & Kuijpers-Linde, M. (1994). Commuting in Restructuring Urban Regions. Urban Studies, 31(3), 465–483. https://doi.org/10.1080/00420989420080431
7. Clark, W. A., Huang, Y., & Withers, S. (2003). Does commuting distance matter? Regional Science and Urban Economics, 33(2), 199–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0166-0462(02)00012-1
8. Coombes, M. G., & Openshaw, S., 1982. The use and definition of travel to-work areas in Great Britain: Some comments. Regional Studies: The Journal of the Regional Studies Association, 16 (2), 141–149.
9. Deschacht, N., & de Bruyne, K. (2020). Excess commuting and friction in the labor market. Journal of Applied Economics, 23(1), 600–617. https://doi.org/10.1080/15140326.2020.1812476
10. Fang, C., & Yu, D. (2017). Urban agglomeration: An evolving concept of an emerging phenomenon. Landscape and urban planning, 162, 126-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2017.02.014
11. Fischer, M. H. (2001). Number processing induces spatial performance biases. Neurology, 57(5), 822–826. https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.57.5.822
12. Fischer, M.M., Button, K., & Nijkamp, P. (1996). Regional housing and labour markets. Edward Elgar Publishing, England, 584.
13. Fouberg, E. H., Murphy, A. B., & De Blij, H. J. (2015). Human geography: people, place, and culture. John Wiley & Sons.
14. Gregory, D., Johnston, R., Pratt, G., Watts, M., & Whatmore, S. (Eds.). (2011). The dictionary of human geography. John Wiley & Sons. Oxford, Blackwell Publishing.
15. Haas, A., & Osland, L. (2014). Commuting, Migration, Housing, and Labour Markets: Complex Interactions. Urban Studies, 51(3), 463–476. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098013498285
16. Hamilton, B. W., & Röell, A. (1982). Wasteful Commuting. Journal of Political Economy, 90(5), 1035–1053. https://doi.org/10.1086/261107
17. How population census will be conducted in 2021 (2021). Electronic Government of the RK. [updated October 1, 2021; cited May 30, 2022]. Available: https://egov.kz/cms/en/articles/populationcensus
18. Kabdesov K.T., Maldynova A.V. Commuting in Almaty agglomeration: an analysis of pilot survey results [Mayatnikovaya migratsiya v almatinskoi aglomeratsii: analiz rezul'tatov pilotnogo oprosa]. Vestnik universiteta «Turan», (4), 140-146. https://doi.org/10.46914/1562-2959-2021-1-4-140-146
19. Leedy, P. D., & Ormrod, J. E. (2005). Practical research (Vol. 108). Saddle River, NJ, USA: Pearson Custom.
20. Liu, Q., Wang, J., Chen, P., & Xiao, Z. (2016). How does parking interplay with the built environment and affect automobile commuting in high-density cities? A case study in China. Urban Studies, 54(14), 3299–3317. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098016667040
21. Ma, K., & Banister, D. (2006). Excess Commuting: A Critical Review. Transport Reviews, 26(6), 749–767. https://doi.org/10.1080/01441640600782609
22. Mossay, P., & Picard, P. (2011). On spatial equilibria in a social interaction model. Journal of Economic Theory, 146(6), 2455–2477. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jet.2011.06.009
23. Pooler, J. (1993). Structural Spatial Interaction∗. The Professional Geographer, 45(3), 297–305. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0033-0124.1993.00297.x
24. Reggiani, A., & Nijkamp, P. (2009). Complexity and spatial networks: in search of simplicity. Springer Science & Business Media.
25. Roback, J. (1982). Wages, Rents, and the Quality of Life. Journal of Political Economy, 90(6), 1257–1278. https://doi.org/10.1086/261120
26. Rodrigue, J.-P., Comtois, C., & Slack, B. (2009). The Geography of Transport Systems. London, New York: Routledge.
27. Rouwendal, J., & Mulalic, I. (2021). Commuting, the Labor Market, and Wages. International Encyclopedia of Transportation. Elsevier.
28. Russo, G., Tedeschi, F., Reggiani, A., & Nijkamp, P. (2014). Commuter effects on local labour markets: A German modelling study. Urban Studies, 51(3), 493-508. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1908100
29. Sandow, E., & Westin, K. (2010). The persevering commuter–Duration of long-distance commuting. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 44(6), 433-445.
30. Sanjurjo, A. (2017). Search with multiple attributes: Theory and empirics. Games and Economic Behavior, 104, 535–562. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geb.2017.05.009
31. Seitz, W. (2021). Urbanization in Kazakhstan: desirable cities, unaffordable housing, and the missing rental market. International Journal of Urban Sciences, 25(1), 135-166.
32. Stigler, G. J. (1961). The economics of information. Journal of political economy, 69(3), 213-225.
33. Sunega, P., Lux, M., & Zemčík, P. (2014). Housing Price Volatility and Econometrics. Critical housing analysis, 1(2), 70. https://doi.org/10.13060/23362839.2013.1.2.117
34. Termote, M. G. (1980). Migration and commuting: A theoretical framework. IIASA Working paper, No. WP-80-069.
35. Van der Laan, L., & Schalke, R. (2001). Reality versus policy: the delineation and testing of local labour market and spatial policy areas. European Planning Studies, 9(2), 201-221.
36. van Ewijk, C., & van Leuvensteijn, M. (Eds.). (2009). Homeownership and the labour market in Europe. OUP Oxford.
37. van Ommeren, J., & Rietveld, P. (2005). The commuting time paradox. Journal of Urban Economics, 58(3), 437–454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2005.06.001
38. Vontroba, J., Balcar, J., & ŠImek, M. (2020). Commuting pays off: Evidence on wage returns to inter-urban and intra-urban commuting. Moravian Geographical Reports, 28(2), 112–123. https://doi.org/10.2478/mgr-2020-0009
39. Williams, C. (2011). Research methods. Journal of Business & Economics Research (JBER), 5(3). https://doi.org/10.19030/jber.v5i3.2532
40. Xiao, H., Wu, A., & Kim, J. (2021). Commuting and innovation: Are closer inventors more productive? Journal of Urban Economics, 121, 103300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2020.103300
41. Zabel, J. E. (2012). Migration, housing market, and labor market responses to employment shocks. Journal of Urban Economics, 72(2–3), 267–284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2012.05.006
42. Zhang, H., Xu, S., Liu, X., & Liu, C. (2021). Near “real-time” estimation of excess commuting from open-source data: Evidence from China's megacities. Journal of Transport Geography, 91, 102929. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2020.102929
43. Zhou, J., Murphy, E., & Corcoran, J. (2020). Integrating road carrying capacity and traffic congestion into the excess commuting framework: the case of Los Angeles. Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science, 47(1), 119-137. https://doi.org/10.1177/2399808318773762
Review
For citations:
Kabdesov K., Amagoh F. Commuting, Transportation Flows and the Labor Market in Almaty. Eurasian Journal of Economic and Business Studies. 2022;65(3):77-87. https://doi.org/10.47703/ejebs.v3i65.107
Views:
22
JATS XML
Email this article 