<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ejebs</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Eurasian Journal of Economic and Business Studies</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Название журнала на русском</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2789-8253</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2789-8261</issn><publisher><publisher-name>University of International Business named after K. Sagadiyev LLP</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47703/2789-8253-2026-2-126-144</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ejebs-285</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Digital Financial Transactions and Household Economic Behaviour in Kazakhstan</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title></trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8546-5696</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bekzhanova</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Galiya A. Bekzhanova, PhD student</p><p>Almaty</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">galiab-81@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5237-7788</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ashimbayev</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tolendi A. Ashimbayev, Master of Economics, Senior Lecturer,</p><p>Almaty</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tolendi0707@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5479-2109</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Serikbayev</surname><given-names>S. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Serik K. Serikbayev, Cand. Sc. (Econ.), Associate Professor</p><p>School of Law and Public Administration</p><p>Almaty</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">serik_s_k@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8182-7753</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Igenbayeva</surname><given-names>Sh. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sharbat A. Igenbayeva, Master of Economic Sciences, Senior Lecturer</p><p>Almaty</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sharbat89@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4632-8550</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tuleyeva</surname><given-names>F. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Farida M. Tuleyeva, Master of Economic Sciences, Senior Lecturer</p><p>Almaty</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ftuleyeva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="en">Turan University<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="en">Almaty Humanitarian and Economic University<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="en">NARXOZ University<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="en">ALT University named after Mukhamedzhan Tynyshpayev<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="en">Almaty Technological University<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>70</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>126</fpage><lpage>144</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Bekzhanova G.A., Ashimbayev T.A., Serikbayev S.K., Igenbayeva S.A., Tuleyeva F.M., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Bekzhanova G.A., Ashimbayev T.A., Serikbayev S.K., Igenbayeva S.A., Tuleyeva F.M.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bekzhanova G.A., Ashimbayev T.A., Serikbayev S.K., Igenbayeva S.A., Tuleyeva F.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ejebs.uib.kz/jour/article/view/285">https://ejebs.uib.kz/jour/article/view/285</self-uri><abstract><p>   The acceleration of digitalization of financial services and the expansion of non-cash and online transactions is transforming the economic behavior of households, changing the structure of consumption, borrowing and saving, as well as strengthening the relationship between retail business activity and banking financial instruments.</p><p>   The study aims to assess the impact of digital financial transactions on household behaviour in Kazakhstan, focusing on consumption, borrowing, savings, retail activity, household lending, and deposit accumulation within the banking system.</p><p>   The study’s methodological basis is a quantitative approach using a system of indicators reflecting households’ financial behaviour, including consumption, credit activity, savings, and digital transactions. The study covers the period 2014–2024 and is based on macroeconomic and financial indicators characterising the dynamics of consumption, lending, savings, and digital payments. The results showed that in 2014-2024, household deposits increased from 4.3 to 23.0 trillion tenge, household loans from 3.7 to 20.3 trillion tenge, the number of online transactions increased almost 190-fold, and the volume of digital payments almost 500-fold. Regression models confirmed a significant association of digital transactions with consumption, lending, deposits, and retail turnover; R2 values were 0.973, 0.958, 0.979, and 0.940, respectively. The findings show that the digitalization of financial transactions enhances not only household financial activity but also the development of the retail business environment, as online payments and digital services increase consumption intensity and support the growth of Kazakhstan’s consumer market.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Finance</kwd><kwd>Digital Finance</kwd><kwd>Digital Economy</kwd><kwd>Household Behaviour</kwd><kwd>Household Economy</kwd><kwd>Consumer Lending</kwd><kwd>Business Activity</kwd><kwd>Consumption</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Adams, A., Cherchye, L., De Rock, B., &amp; Verriest, E. (2014). Consume now or later? Time inconsistency, collective choice, and revealed preference. American Economic Review, 104(12), 4147–4183. doi: 10.1257/aer.104.12.4147</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Adams, A., Cherchye, L., De Rock, B., &amp; Verriest, E. (2014). Consume now or later? Time inconsistency, collective choice, and revealed preference. American Economic Review, 104(12), 4147–4183. doi: 10.1257/aer.104.12.4147</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Agarwal, S., &amp; Zhang, J. (2020). FinTech, lending and payment innovation : A review. Asia-Pacific Journal of Financial Studies, 49(3), 353–367. doi: 10.1111/ajfs.12294</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Agarwal, S., &amp; Zhang, J. (2020). FinTech, lending and payment innovation : A review. Asia-Pacific Journal of Financial Studies, 49(3), 353–367. doi: 10.1111/ajfs.12294</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Agur, I., Peria, S. M., &amp; Rochon, C. (2020). Digital financial services and the pandemic: Opportunities and risks for emerging and developing economies. International Monetary Fund Special Series on COVID-19.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Agur, I., Peria, S. M., &amp; Rochon, C. (2020). Digital financial services and the pandemic: Opportunities and risks for emerging and developing economies. International Monetary Fund Special Series on COVID-19.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alghizzawi, M. (2019). The role of digital marketing in consumer behavior: A survey. International Journal of Information Technology and Language Studies, 3(1).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alghizzawi, M. (2019). The role of digital marketing in consumer behavior: A survey. International Journal of Information Technology and Language Studies, 3(1).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Altman, M. (2012). Implications of behavioural economics for financial literacy and public policy. The Journal of Socio-Economics, 41(5), 677–690. doi: 10.1016/j.socec.2012.06.002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Altman, M. (2012). Implications of behavioural economics for financial literacy and public policy. The Journal of Socio-Economics, 41(5), 677–690. doi: 10.1016/j.socec.2012.06.002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alwahidin, N., Jufra, A., Mulu, B., &amp; Sari, K. N. (2023). A new economic perspective: Understanding the impact of digital financial inclusion on Indonesian households consumption. Bulletin of Monetary Economics and Banking, 26(Special Issue), 1–20.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alwahidin, N., Jufra, A., Mulu, B., &amp; Sari, K. N. (2023). A new economic perspective: Understanding the impact of digital financial inclusion on Indonesian households consumption. Bulletin of Monetary Economics and Banking, 26(Special Issue), 1–20.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barrafrem, K., Tinghog, G., &amp; Vastfjall, D. (2024). Behavioral and contextual determinants of different stages of saving behavior. Frontiers in Behavioral Economics, 3, 1381080. doi: 10.3389/frbhe.2024.1381080</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barrafrem, K., Tinghog, G., &amp; Vastfjall, D. (2024). Behavioral and contextual determinants of different stages of saving behavior. Frontiers in Behavioral Economics, 3, 1381080. doi: 10.3389/frbhe.2024.1381080</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bertrand, M., Mullainathan, S., &amp; Shafir, E. (2006). Behavioral economics and marketing in aid of decision making among the poor. Journal of Public Policy &amp; Marketing, 25(1), 8–23. doi: 10.1509/jppm.25.1.8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bertrand, M., Mullainathan, S., &amp; Shafir, E. (2006). Behavioral economics and marketing in aid of decision making among the poor. Journal of Public Policy &amp; Marketing, 25(1), 8–23. doi: 10.1509/jppm.25.1.8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Beshears, J., Choi, J. J., Laibson, D., &amp; Madrian, B. C. (2018). Behavioral household finance. In Handbook of Behavioral Economics: Applications and Foundations, 1, 177–276. doi: 10.1016/bs.hesbe.2018.07.004</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Beshears, J., Choi, J. J., Laibson, D., &amp; Madrian, B. C. (2018). Behavioral household finance. In Handbook of Behavioral Economics: Applications and Foundations, 1, 177–276. doi: 10.1016/bs.hesbe.2018.07.004</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bureau of National Statistics. (2025). Statistical data on household consumption expenditures, retail turnover per capita, and gender wage indicators in Kazakhstan. Retrieved May 25, 2026, from https://stat.gov.kz/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bureau of National Statistics. (2025). Statistical data on household consumption expenditures, retail turnover per capita, and gender wage indicators in Kazakhstan. Retrieved May 25, 2026, from https://stat.gov.kz/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cheng, Y., &amp; Huo, J. (2025). Adoption of buy now, pay later (BNPL): A time inconsistency perspective. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research, 20(2), 81. doi: 10.3390/jtaer20020081</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cheng, Y., &amp; Huo, J. (2025). Adoption of buy now, pay later (BNPL): A time inconsistency perspective. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research, 20(2), 81. doi: 10.3390/jtaer20020081</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ekici, T., &amp; Dunn, L. (2010). Credit card debt and consumption: Evidence from household-level data. Applied Economics, 42(4), 455–462. doi: 10.1080/00036840801964526</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ekici, T., &amp; Dunn, L. (2010). Credit card debt and consumption: Evidence from household-level data. Applied Economics, 42(4), 455–462. doi: 10.1080/00036840801964526</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Feldstein, M. S. (1964). The social time preference discount rate in cost benefit analysis. The Economic Journal, 74(294), 360–379. doi: 10.1057/9780230523210_2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Feldstein, M. S. (1964). The social time preference discount rate in cost benefit analysis. The Economic Journal, 74(294), 360–379. doi: 10.1057/9780230523210_2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fisher, P. J. (2010). Gender differences in personal saving behaviors. Journal of Financial Counseling and Planning, 21, 14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fisher, P. J. (2010). Gender differences in personal saving behaviors. Journal of Financial Counseling and Planning, 21, 14.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fomotor, B., Paradi-Dolgos, A., &amp; Sipiczki, Z. (2017). Behavioural finance and consumer loan contracts. Financial and Economic Review, 16(2), 156–169. doi: 10.25201/FER.16.2.156169</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fomotor, B., Paradi-Dolgos, A., &amp; Sipiczki, Z. (2017). Behavioural finance and consumer loan contracts. Financial and Economic Review, 16(2), 156–169. doi: 10.25201/FER.16.2.156169</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Frederick, S., Loewenstein, G., &amp; O’donoghue, T. (2002). Time discounting and time preference : A critical review. Journal of Economic Literature, 40(2), 351–401. doi: 10.1257/002205102320161311</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Frederick, S., Loewenstein, G., &amp; O’donoghue, T. (2002). Time discounting and time preference : A critical review. Journal of Economic Literature, 40(2), 351–401. doi: 10.1257/002205102320161311</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Friedman, M. (1957). The permanent income hypothesis. In A Theory of the Consumption Function (pp. 20–37). Princeton University Press.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Friedman, M. (1957). The permanent income hypothesis. In A Theory of the Consumption Function (pp. 20–37). Princeton University Press.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Friedman, M. (2018). A Theory of the Consumption Function. Princeton University Press.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Friedman, M. (2018). A Theory of the Consumption Function. Princeton University Press.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Frost, J., Gambacorta, L., Huang, Y., Shin, H. S., &amp; Zbinden, P. (2019). BigTech and the changing structure of financial intermediation. Economic Policy, 34(100), 761–799. doi: 10.1093/epolic/eiz012</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Frost, J., Gambacorta, L., Huang, Y., Shin, H. S., &amp; Zbinden, P. (2019). BigTech and the changing structure of financial intermediation. Economic Policy, 34(100), 761–799. doi: 10.1093/epolic/eiz012</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Garber, G., Mian, A. R., Ponticelli, J., &amp; Sufi, A. (2024). Consumption smoothing or consumption binging? The effects of government-led consumer credit expansion in Brazil. Journal of Financial Economics, 156, 103846. doi: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2024.103846</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Garber, G., Mian, A. R., Ponticelli, J., &amp; Sufi, A. (2024). Consumption smoothing or consumption binging? The effects of government-led consumer credit expansion in Brazil. Journal of Financial Economics, 156, 103846. doi: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2024.103846</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goldfarb, A., Greenstein, S. M., &amp; Tucker, C. E. (2015). Introduction to “Economic Analysis of the Digital Economy”. In Economic Analysis of the Digital Economy (pp. 1–17). University of Chicago Press.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goldfarb, A., Greenstein, S. M., &amp; Tucker, C. E. (2015). Introduction to “Economic Analysis of the Digital Economy”. In Economic Analysis of the Digital Economy (pp. 1–17). University of Chicago Press.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gomber, P., Koch, J. A., &amp; Siering, M. (2017). Digital finance and FinTech: Current research and future research directions. Journal of Business Economics, 87(5), 537–580. doi: 10.1007/s11573-017-0852-x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gomber, P., Koch, J. A., &amp; Siering, M. (2017). Digital finance and FinTech: Current research and future research directions. Journal of Business Economics, 87(5), 537–580. doi: 10.1007/s11573-017-0852-x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huyghe, E., Verstraeten, J., Geuens, M., &amp; Van Kerckhove, A. (2017). Clicks as a healthy alternative to bricks: How online grocery shopping reduces vice purchases. Journal of Marketing Research, 54(1), 61–74. doi: 10.1509/jmr.14.0490</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huyghe, E., Verstraeten, J., Geuens, M., &amp; Van Kerckhove, A. (2017). Clicks as a healthy alternative to bricks: How online grocery shopping reduces vice purchases. Journal of Marketing Research, 54(1), 61–74. doi: 10.1509/jmr.14.0490</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kahneman, D. (2003). Maps of bounded rationality: Psychology for behavioral economics. American Economic Review, 93(5), 1449–1475. doi: 10.1257/000282803322655392</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kahneman, D. (2003). Maps of bounded rationality: Psychology for behavioral economics. American Economic Review, 93(5), 1449–1475. doi: 10.1257/000282803322655392</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kamas, L., &amp; Preston, A. (2015). Can social preferences explain gender differences in economic behavior? Journal of Economic Behavior &amp; Organization, 116, 525–539. doi: 10.1016/j.jebo.2015.05.018</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kamas, L., &amp; Preston, A. (2015). Can social preferences explain gender differences in economic behavior? Journal of Economic Behavior &amp; Organization, 116, 525–539. doi: 10.1016/j.jebo.2015.05.018</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kizyma, T. (2019). Credit behavior of households: Structural and analytical aspects. World of Finance, 1(58), 7–18. doi: 10.35774/sf2019.01.007</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kizyma, T. (2019). Credit behavior of households: Structural and analytical aspects. World of Finance, 1(58), 7–18. doi: 10.35774/sf2019.01.007</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lefevre, A., &amp; Chapman, M. (2017). Behavioural economics and financial consumer protection. OECD Working Papers on Finance, Insurance and Private Pensions, No. 42, OECD Publishing, Paris. doi: 10.1787/0c8f8f02-en</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lefevre, A., &amp; Chapman, M. (2017). Behavioural economics and financial consumer protection. OECD Working Papers on Finance, Insurance and Private Pensions, No. 42, OECD Publishing, Paris. doi: 10.1787/0c8f8f02-en</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lim, T. Y., Lim, B. C. Y., Leong, C. M., Phang, I. G., &amp; Foong, W. H. (2023). Consumer adoption of on-demand digital platforms: An integrated model. Global Business and Organizational Excellence, 42(6), 78–93. doi: 10.1002/joe.22204</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lim, T. Y., Lim, B. C. Y., Leong, C. M., Phang, I. G., &amp; Foong, W. H. (2023). Consumer adoption of on-demand digital platforms: An integrated model. Global Business and Organizational Excellence, 42(6), 78–93. doi: 10.1002/joe.22204</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu, L., Niu, Y., Wang, Y., &amp; Yang, J. (2019). Optimal consumption with time-inconsistent preferences. Economic Theory, 70, 785–815. doi: 10.1007/s00199-019-01228-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu, L., Niu, Y., Wang, Y., &amp; Yang, J. (2019). Optimal consumption with time-inconsistent preferences. Economic Theory, 70, 785–815. doi: 10.1007/s00199-019-01228-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mian, A., &amp; Sufi, A. (2018). Finance and business cycles: The credit-driven household demand channel. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 32(3), 31–58. doi: 10.1257/jep.32.3.31</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mian, A., &amp; Sufi, A. (2018). Finance and business cycles: The credit-driven household demand channel. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 32(3), 31–58. doi: 10.1257/jep.32.3.31</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reisch, L. A., &amp; Zhao, M. (2017). Behavioural economics, consumer behaviour and consumer policy: State of the art. Behavioural Public Policy, 1(2), 190–206. doi: 10.1017/bpp.2017.1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reisch, L. A., &amp; Zhao, M. (2017). Behavioural economics, consumer behaviour and consumer policy: State of the art. Behavioural Public Policy, 1(2), 190–206. doi: 10.1017/bpp.2017.1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shahrokhi, M. (2008). E-finance: Status, innovations, resources and future challenges. Managerial Finance, 34(6), 365–398. doi: 10.1108/03074350810872787</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shahrokhi, M. (2008). E-finance: Status, innovations, resources and future challenges. Managerial Finance, 34(6), 365–398. doi: 10.1108/03074350810872787</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smith, M. D., Bailey, J., &amp; Brynjolfsson, E. (2001). Understanding digital markets: Review and assessment. doi: 10.2139/ssrn.290326</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smith, M. D., Bailey, J., &amp; Brynjolfsson, E. (2001). Understanding digital markets: Review and assessment. doi: 10.2139/ssrn.290326</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Soukal, I., &amp; Draessler, J. (2019). How does a retail payment account consumer changes over time? Usage rate behavioral segmentation from 2010 till 2016 in the Czech Republic. E+M Ekonomie a Management, 22(3), 117–133.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Soukal, I., &amp; Draessler, J. (2019). How does a retail payment account consumer changes over time? Usage rate behavioral segmentation from 2010 till 2016 in the Czech Republic. E+M Ekonomie a Management, 22(3), 117–133.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stango, V., &amp; Zinman, J. (2009). What do consumers really pay on their checking and credit card accounts? Explicit, implicit, and avoidable costs. American Economic Review, 99(2), 424–429. doi: 10.1257/aer.99.2.424</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stango, V., &amp; Zinman, J. (2009). What do consumers really pay on their checking and credit card accounts? Explicit, implicit, and avoidable costs. American Economic Review, 99(2), 424–429. doi: 10.1257/aer.99.2.424</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Suppakitjarak, N., &amp; Krishnamra, P. (2015). Household saving behavior and determinants of the forms of saving and investment in Thailand. Journal of Economics, Business and Management, 3(3), 326–330.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Suppakitjarak, N., &amp; Krishnamra, P. (2015). Household saving behavior and determinants of the forms of saving and investment in Thailand. Journal of Economics, Business and Management, 3(3), 326–330.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thaler, R. H. (2016). Behavioral economics: Past, present, and future. American Economic Review, 106(7), 1577–1600. doi: 10.1257/aer.106.7.1577</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thaler, R. H. (2016). Behavioral economics: Past, present, and future. American Economic Review, 106(7), 1577–1600. doi: 10.1257/aer.106.7.1577</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ure, J. (2021). Digital solutions centre in Central Asia. CORE. Retrieved May 25, 2026, from https://core.ac.uk/download/641691086.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ure, J. (2021). Digital solutions centre in Central Asia. CORE. Retrieved May 25, 2026, from https://core.ac.uk/download/641691086.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vandone, D. (2009). The determinants of consumer credit : A review of the literature. In: Consumer Credit in Europe. Contributions to Economics. Physica-Verlag HD. doi: 10.1007/978-3-7908-2101-4_2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vandone, D. (2009). The determinants of consumer credit : A review of the literature. In: Consumer Credit in Europe. Contributions to Economics. Physica-Verlag HD. doi: 10.1007/978-3-7908-2101-4_2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zeller, M., &amp; Sharma, M. (2000). Many borrow, more save, and all insure: Implications for food and microfinance policy. Food Policy, 25(2), 143–167. doi: 10.1016/S0306-9192(99)00065-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zeller, M., &amp; Sharma, M. (2000). Many borrow, more save, and all insure: Implications for food and microfinance policy. Food Policy, 25(2), 143–167. doi: 10.1016/S0306-9192(99)00065-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zinman, J. (2015). Household debt: Facts, puzzles, theories, and policies. Annual Review of Economics, 7(1), 251–276. doi: 10.1146/annurev-economics-080614-115640</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zinman, J. (2015). Household debt: Facts, puzzles, theories, and policies. Annual Review of Economics, 7(1), 251–276. doi: 10.1146/annurev-economics-080614-115640</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhao, C., Li, X., &amp; Yan, J. (2024). The effect of digital finance on residents’ happiness: The case of mobile payments in China. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 63, 101370. doi: 10.1016/j.elerap.2023.101370</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhao, C., Li, X., &amp; Yan, J. (2024). The effect of digital finance on residents’ happiness: The case of mobile payments in China. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 63, 101370. doi: 10.1016/j.elerap.2023.101370</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
