Digital transformation of the agro-industrial complex is seen as a key factor in increasing the productivity and resilience of agri-food systems in the face of climate instability and increasingly complex global supply chains. Despite the rapid growth of scientific publications, research results remain fragmented, and the mechanisms by which digital technologies influence economic and sustainability indicators are poorly systematized.The purpose of this study is to summarize and criticallyanalyze the scientific literature on the impact of digital technologies on efficiency of agricultural production, the sustainability of agri-food systems, and the role of data and platforms in shaping these effects. The paper addresses the following research questions: how do digital technologies influence agricultural productivity; to what extent do they contribute to environmental and economic sustainability; and what organizational and institutional conditions determine the effectiveness of digital transformation.The study was conducted as a systematic review of scientific publications covering the period 2015-2025. Following a multi-stage selection process from an initial pool of over twenty-two thousand publications, fifty-six studies meeting criteria for topical relevance and methodological transparency were included in the final analysis. The analysis shows that digitalization is creating a new production infrastructure based on data and analytics, which contributes to increased resource efficiency, reduced uncertainty, and improved coordination in supply chains. However, the sustainability of these effects significantly depends on the institutional environment, the level of infrastructure development, and the quality of data management. It is concluded that the long-term effectiveness of digital transformation is determined not only by the implementation of technologies but also by the alignment of organizational, infrastructural, and managerial factors.